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Tooth Abscess: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

A tooth abscess is a painful infection at the root of a tooth or between the tooth and gums. It occurs when bacteria invade the dental pulp (the inner part of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels). If left untreated, a tooth abscess can spread infection to other parts of the body and cause serious complications.

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Causes of a Tooth Abscess

• Tooth decay – Cavities allow bacteria to enter the tooth.

• Gum disease – Infections in the gums can reach the tooth root.

• Injury to the tooth – Cracks or chips can let bacteria in.

• Previous dental work – Poorly sealed fillings or crowns can lead to infection.

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Symptoms

• Severe, throbbing toothache

• Swelling in the gums or face

• Redness around the affected tooth

• Pus or fluid drainage

• Bad taste in the mouth or bad breath

• Fever or fatigue in severe cases

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Treatment

See a dentist immediately if you suspect a tooth abscess. Treatment may include:

• Drainage of the abscess – Removing the pus safely to relieve pressure and pain.

• Root canal – Cleaning the infected pulp and sealing the tooth.

• Antibiotics – To control the infection, especially if it spreads.

• Tooth extraction – In severe cases, the infected tooth may need to be removed.

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Home Care (Temporary Relief)

• Rinse with warm salt water to reduce bacteria and soothe pain

• Take over-the-counter pain medication if needed

• Avoid hot or very cold foods that trigger pain

• Keep the area clean by gently brushing and flossing

Important: Home care is only temporary. A tooth abscess will not heal on its own and requires professional treatment.

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Conclusion
A tooth abscess is a serious dental infection that needs prompt attention. Ignoring it can lead to severe pain, spreading infection, and even life-threatening complications. Early treatment ensures faster healing and prevents further damage to your teeth and gums.