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Ingrown Nail: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

An ingrown nail occurs when the edge of a nail grows into the surrounding skin instead of straight outward. This most often affects the toenails (especially the big toe), but fingernails can also become ingrown. Ingrown nails can be painful and may lead to infection if not treated properly.

Causes of Ingrown Nails

• Cutting nails too short or rounding the edges

• Wearing tight shoes or socks that put pressure on toes

• Nail injury or trauma

• Naturally curved or thick nails

• Poor foot hygiene

Symptoms of an Ingrown Nail

• Pain or tenderness along the nail edge

• Redness and swelling of the surrounding skin

• A visible nail corner digging into the skin

• Pus or drainage if infection develops

At-Home Care for Mild Ingrown Nails

• Warm Soaks: Soak the affected nail in warm, soapy water (or Epsom salt water) for 15–20 minutes, 2–3 times daily.

• Gentle Lifting: After soaking, you may try to gently lift the nail edge with a clean piece of cotton or dental floss to help it grow outward.

• Topical Care: Apply an antibiotic ointment and cover with a clean bandage if the skin is broken.

• Proper Footwear: Wear open-toed or wide shoes to reduce pressure.

When to See a Doctor

You should consult a healthcare provider or podiatrist if:

• Pain or swelling is severe

• The area shows signs of infection (pus, spreading redness, warmth)

• The ingrown nail keeps coming back

• You have diabetes, poor circulation, or a weakened immune system

Medical Treatments

• Professional trimming or lifting of the ingrown nail

• Drainage if there’s infection or pus buildup

• Partial or full nail removal for severe or chronic cases

• Antibiotics if infection is present

Prevention Tips

• Trim nails straight across, not curved.

• Don’t cut nails too short.

• Wear shoes with enough room for your toes.

• Keep feet clean and dry.

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Bottom line: Ingrown nails are common and often manageable with warm soaks, gentle care, and proper nail trimming. If infection or severe pain develops, professional treatment is the safest option.