Nail Infection: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
A nail infection occurs when bacteria, fungi, or yeast affect the fingernails or toenails. These infections can cause discomfort, discoloration, and changes in nail shape or texture. With early care, most nail infections are treatable.
Types of Nail Infections
-
Fungal Nail Infection (Onychomycosis)
-
Caused by fungi that thrive in warm, moist environments.
-
More common in toenails than fingernails.
-
-
Bacterial Nail Infection (Paronychia)
-
Usually begins with redness, swelling, or pus around the nail fold.
-
Can happen after nail biting, injury, or frequent exposure to water.
-
-
Yeast Infection (Candida)
-
Common in people with weakened immune systems or constant moisture exposure.
-
Causes swelling, pain, and thickened nail folds.
-
Symptoms of Nail Infections
-
Discoloration (yellow, green, or brown nails)
-
Thickened, brittle, or crumbling nails
-
Pain or tenderness around the nail
-
Redness and swelling of surrounding skin
-
Pus or foul odor (in bacterial infections)
-
Nail lifting or separating from the nail bed
At-Home Care for Mild Cases
-
Keep nails clean and dry: Moisture worsens fungal and bacterial growth.
-
Warm water soaks: 15–20 minutes, 2–3 times daily for pain relief (especially for paronychia).
-
Antiseptic care: Apply diluted tea tree oil or hydrogen peroxide around the nail.
-
Avoid nail polish and artificial nails: These can trap moisture and worsen the infection.
Medical Treatments
-
Antifungal creams, oral medication, or medicated nail lacquers (for fungal infections).
-
Antibiotics (for bacterial nail infections).
-
Surgical drainage if pus has collected around the nail.
-
Partial or full nail removal for severe or recurring infections.
Prevention Tips
-
Trim nails straight across and keep them short.
-
Wear breathable shoes and moisture-wicking socks.
-
Dry feet and hands thoroughly after washing.
-
Avoid walking barefoot in public showers or pools.
-
Disinfect nail tools regularly.
-
Don’t bite nails or cuticles, as this increases infection risk.
When to See a Doctor
-
If pain, swelling, or pus worsens
-
If the infection spreads beyond the nail
-
If you have diabetes, poor circulation, or a weakened immune system
-
If nails become thick, deformed, or detached
✅ Bottom line: Nail infections are common and may be fungal, bacterial, or yeast-related. Mild cases can sometimes be managed at home, but persistent, painful, or spreading infections need professional medical treatment.
0 Comments