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Scalp Cyst: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

A scalp cyst is a round, usually noncancerous lump that forms under the skin of the scalp. These cysts are fairly common and often harmless, but they can sometimes become uncomfortable, infected, or cosmetically bothersome.

What Is a Scalp Cyst?

Most scalp cysts are pilar cysts (also called trichilemmal cysts), which develop from hair follicles. Less commonly, sebaceous or epidermoid cysts may form on the scalp.

Causes of Scalp Cysts

• Blocked hair follicles

• Overproduction of keratin (a protein in skin and hair)

• Genetics (pilar cysts often run in families)

• Skin trauma or irritation

Symptoms

• A smooth, firm, round bump under the scalp

• Usually painless (unless infected)

• Can range in size from a pea to several centimeters

• May grow slowly over time

• If infected: redness, swelling, pain, pus, or foul odor

At-Home Care

• Keep the area clean and avoid scratching or squeezing.

• Apply a warm compress if it feels sore—this can ease discomfort.

• Do not attempt to pop or cut open the cyst at home, as this can cause infection or scarring.

Medical Treatment

• Diagnosis: A doctor can confirm if it’s a cyst and rule out other causes.

• Drainage or removal: If the cyst is large, painful, or repeatedly infected, a doctor may drain or surgically remove it.

• Antibiotics: Prescribed if the cyst is infected.

• Biopsy (rare): If the cyst looks unusual, a biopsy may be done to rule out other conditions.

Prevention Tips

• Wash hair regularly to reduce oil buildup.

• Treat dandruff or scalp irritation early.

• Avoid harsh scratching or trauma to the scalp.

• If you’re prone to cysts, regular checkups with a dermatologist may help.

When to See a Doctor

• The cyst grows quickly or changes in shape

• It becomes painful, red, or filled with pus

• You have multiple cysts that keep coming back

• The lump looks unusual or doesn’t feel like a typical cyst

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Bottom line: Scalp cysts are common and usually harmless, but they can become infected or uncomfortable. While home care may relieve symptoms, removal should always be done by a healthcare professional.